Efeitos colaterais das terapias oncológicas em pacientes com câncer de colo do útero

Objetivo: Determinar los efectos adversos de las terapias oncológicas en pacientes con cáncer de cérvix en una unidad oncológica de Neiva Huila, durante el 2017. Metodología: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal, basado en la revisión de fuentes secundarias, como son las historias clínicas de las pacientes con cancer de cérvix que estuvieron en tratamiento oncológico y que desarrollaron efectos adversos a las terapias oncológicas.  La muestra se conformó con 75 pacientes, la cual se obtuvo atraves de un muestreo no proba­bilístico por conveniencia, previo al cumplimiento de criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos para el estudio. Se describen características clínicas, terapias oncológicas y efectos adversos agrupados por sistemas.  Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio, se identificaron 75 pacientes que desarrollaron efectos adversos atribuidos a las terapias oncológicas, la edad en promedio fue de 49 años. En el grupo de 35-54 años, se presentó el mayor número de los casos con un 53,3% (IC 95%: 42,1-64,1). La radioterapia concomitante con quimioterapéuticos ocupó el primer lugar entre las terapias oncológicas con mayores efectos adversos en el 63% (IC 95%: 51,3-72,7) de las pacientes. El sistema gastrointestinal presentó mayores efectos adversos en el 95% (IC 95%: 87,0-97,9) de los casos. Conclusiones: Durante las consultas de seguimiento a riesgos, se identificó que las pacientes manifestaron sensaciones molestas a nivel gastrointestinal como: náuseas, emesis y diarrea, dado que la mucosa intestinal es más susceptible a las alteraciones generadas por la radiación y los quimioterapéuticos, por el alto recambio celular presentado en estos órganos.Objetivo: determinar os efeitos colaterais das terapias oncológicas em pacientes com câncerdo colo do útero numa unidade oncológica de Neiva-Huila, durante 2017. Materiais e métodos:estudo observacional, retrospectivo, descritivo, transversal, baseado na revisão de fontessecundarias como prontuários médicos das pacientes com câncer do colo do útero que estiveram em tratamento oncológico e que desenvolveram efeitos colaterais a terapias oncológicas. A amostra foi de 75 mulheres, estudadas de forma não probabilística por  conveniência, prévio cumprimento dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos para o estudo. Resultados: foram estudadas 75 pacientes que desenvolveram efeitos colaterais em decorrência de terapias oncológicas. A media da idade foi de 49 anos. No grupo de 35-54 anos apresentaram-seo maior número dos casos (53,3%; IC95%: 42,1-64,1). A radioterapia conjuntamente administradacom quimioterápicos ocupou o primeiro lugar entre as terapias oncológicas com maiores efeitos colaterais nas pacientes (63%; IC 95%: 51,3-72,7). O trato gastrointestinal apresentou a maior frequência dos efeitos com sintomas e sinais como: enjoo, vômitos e diarreia, principalmente pela mucosa intestinal ser a mais susceptível às alterações geradas pela radiação e quimioterápicos, pelo alta atividade celular desses órgãos.

Características de doadores de sangue voluntários em universidades de Neiva, Huila

Objective: To describe the characteristics of voluntary blood donors at the Universities of Neiva Huila, during the promotions carried out by the blood bank of the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital in agreement with the Surcolombiana University during the period 2013-2017.  Materials and Methods: Descriptive observational study of cross-sectional, for the periods of January 2013 to December 2017, based on secondary sources provided by the National Network of Blood Banks, through the Blood Bank of the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital of Neiva. A sampling was carried out as a convenience, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined for the study. The variables analyzed were age groups, gender, ABO blood group and Rh factor. Results: During the study period, 6,547 voluntary blood donations were made, of which 85% (I.C 95%: 84.6-86.3) were occasional and 15% (I.C 95%: 13.6-15.6) usual. The ones who donated the most were men between the ages of 19 and 29. It was shown that the Rh-positive factor and the O+ blood group were the most prevalent in the donor population in 98.5% and 61.6% respectively. Conclusion: The usual voluntary donors are mainly men between the ages of 19 and 29, with blood group O and Rh+, since men can make a higher number of donations compared to women. Keywords: Population characteristics, Blood donors, ABO Blood-Group system, Blood, Rh-Hr Blood-Group System.Objetivo: Describir las características de los donantes voluntarios de sangre en las Universidades de Neiva Huila, durante las promociones realizadas por el banco de sangre del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo en convenio con la Universidad Surcolombiana durante el período 2013-2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, para los periodos de enero 2013 a diciembre 2017, basado en fuentes secundarias suministradas por la Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre, a través del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia, que cumplieran con criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos para el estudio. Las variables que se analizaron fueron grupos de edad, género, grupo sanguíneo ABO y factor Rh. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se realizaron 6.547 donaciones de sangre voluntarias, de las cuales el 85,5% (I.C 95%: 84,6-86,3) fueron ocasionales y el 14,5% (I.C 95%: 13,6-15,6) habituales. Quienes más donaron fueron hombres entre 19 y 29 años. Se evidencio que el factor Rh positivo y el grupo sanguíneo O+, fueron los que más prevalecieron en la población donante en el 98,5% y 61,6% respectivamente. Conclusión: Los donantes voluntarios habituales son principalmente hombres entre 19 y 29 años, con grupo sanguíneo O y Rh +, dado que los hombres pueden realizar un mayor número de donaciones en comparación con las mujeres. Palabras Clave: Características de la población, Donantes de sangre, Sistema del grupo sanguíneo ABO, Sangre, Factor Rh

Applied science facilitates the large-scale expansion of protected areas in an Amazonian hot spot

Meeting international commitments to protect 17% of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide will require \u3e3 million square kilometers of new protected areas and strategies to create those areas in a way that respects local communities and land use. In 2000–2016, biological and social scientists worked to increase the protected proportion of Peru’s largest department via 14 interdisciplinary inventories covering \u3e9 million hectares of this megadiverse corner of the Amazon basin. In each landscape, the strategy was the same: convene diverse partners, identify biological and sociocultural assets, document residents’ use of natural resources, and tailor the findings to the needs of decision-makers. Nine of the 14 landscapes have since been protected (5.7 million hectares of new protected areas), contributing to a quadrupling of conservation coverage in Loreto (from 6 to 23%). We outline the methods and enabling conditions most crucial for successfully applying similar campaigns elsewhere on Earth

Tensiones en la Amazonia y cambio climático

Seminario programa Biología Aplicad

Propuesta para la Estructuración del Departamento de Gestión Humana en la Empresa "Cootranschipaque Ltda"

La presente investigación es un estudio descriptivo con una metodología de estudio de caso donde se analizan datos de orden cualitativo y cuantitativo proveniente de entrevistas realizadas al Gerente General y a los colaboradores de la Cooperativa “Cootranschipaque Ltda.”, que arrojan información en cifras acerca de la situación actual de la empresa en términos de gestión del recurso humano. Posterior a ello, se realiza una breve descripción de la actividad transportadora, de transporte público y de sus sistemas de ruta. Continuando, se analizan los modelos de recursos humanos y la estructura de los mismos, con el fin de proponer un modelo de gestión teórico y metodológico para la empresa, que constituya un referente de avance para organizaciones de características similares a la analizada en este estudio de caso.This research is a descriptive study with a methology study case where qualitative and quantitative data are analyzed from interviews with the General Manager and the collaborators of the Cooperative “Cootranschipaque Ltda.”, Which provide information in figures about the Current situation of the company in terms of human resource management. Subsequently, a brief description of the transporter activity, public transportation and it’s systems of route. Continuing, the analized of the human resources models and their structure, in order to create a proposal of a theoretical and methodological management model for the company, which constitutes a benchmark of progress for organizations with similar characteristics to the one analyzed in this study of case

Características de los donantes voluntarios de sangre en universidades de Neiva, Huila

Objective: To describe the characteristics of voluntary blood donors at the Universities of Neiva Huila, during the promotions carried out by the blood bank of the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital in agreement with the Surcolombiana University during the period 2013-2017.  Materials and Methods: Descriptive observational study of cross-sectional, for the periods of January 2013 to December 2017, based on secondary sources provided by the National Network of Blood Banks, through the Blood Bank of the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital of Neiva. A sampling was carried out as a convenience, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined for the study. The variables analyzed were age groups, gender, ABO blood group and Rh factor. Results: During the study period, 6,547 voluntary blood donations were made, of which 85% (I.C 95%: 84.6-86.3) were occasional and 15% (I.C 95%: 13.6-15.6) usual. The ones who donated the most were men between the ages of 19 and 29. It was shown that the Rh-positive factor and the O+ blood group were the most prevalent in the donor population in 98.5% and 61.6% respectively. Conclusion: The usual voluntary donors are mainly men between the ages of 19 and 29, with blood group O and Rh+, since men can make a higher number of donations compared to women. Keywords: Population characteristics, Blood donors, ABO Blood-Group system, Blood, Rh-Hr Blood-Group System.Objetivo: Descrever as características, frequência e distribuição de doadores voluntários de sangue nas Universidades de Neiva Huila, durante o período de 2013 a 2017. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal observacional entre os períodosde janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2017 com base em fontes secundárias fornecidas pela Rede Nacional de Bancos de Sangue através do Banco de Sangue do Neiva; Foi realizada uma amostragem de doadores por conveniência, atendendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos para o estudo. As variáveis analisadas foram: faixa etária, gênero, grupo sanguíneo ABO e fator Rh. Resultados: Durante o período de estudo, foram feitas 6.547 doações voluntárias de sangue, das quais 85,5% (95%: 84,6-86,3) foram feitas com base nos seguintes 14,5% (I.C 95%: 13,6-15,6) por regular. O gênero masculino gerou a maior parte das doações voluntárias habituais em 68% (I.C 95%: 64,9-70,9), o grupo populacional de 19 a 29 anos foi identificado para ambos os sexos, fornecendo 87,5% (I.C 95%: 85,2-89,4); o grupo sanguíneo que mais prevaleceu nos doadores voluntários foi o grupo O em 61,6% (I.C 95%: 57,2-63,4) e o fator Rh positivo em 98,5% da população doadora. Conclusão: Houve uma redução de quase 90% nos doadores regulares após a terceira década de vida, Os homens tiveram maior participação nos dias de promoção e coleta de sangue durante o período de estudo, uma vez que os homens podem fazer um maior número de doações no ano em comparação com as mulheres.Objetivo: Describir las características de los donantes voluntarios de sangre en las Universidades de Neiva Huila, durante las promociones realizadas por el banco de sangre del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo en convenio con la Universidad Surcolombiana durante el período 2013-2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, para los periodos de enero 2013 a diciembre 2017, basado en fuentes secundarias suministradas por la Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre, a través del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia, que cumplieran con criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos para el estudio. Las variables que se analizaron fueron grupos de edad, género, grupo sanguíneo ABO y factor Rh. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se realizaron 6.547 donaciones de sangre voluntarias, de las cuales el 85,5% (I.C 95%: 84,6-86,3) fueron ocasionales y el 14,5% (I.C 95%: 13,6-15,6) habituales. Quienes más donaron fueron hombres entre 19 y 29 años. Se evidencio que el factor Rh positivo y el grupo sanguíneo O+, fueron los que más prevalecieron en la población donante en el 98,5% y 61,6% respectivamente. Conclusión: Los donantes voluntarios habituales son principalmente hombres entre 19 y 29 años, con grupo sanguíneo O y Rh +, dado que los hombres pueden realizar un mayor número de donaciones en comparación con las mujeres. Palabras Clave: Características de la población, Donantes de sangre, Sistema del grupo sanguíneo ABO, Sangre, Factor Rh

A new approach to conservation: using community empowerment for sustainable well-being

The global environmental conservation community recognizes that the participation of local communities is essential for the success of conservation initiatives; however, much work remains to be done on how to integrate conservation and human well-being. We propose that an assets-based approach to environmental conservation and human well-being, which is grounded in a biocultural framework, can support sustainable and adaptive management of natural resources by communities in regions adjacent to protected areas. We present evidence from conservation and quality of life initiatives led by the Field Museum of Natural History over the past 17 years in the Peruvian Amazon. Data were derived from asset mapping in 37 communities where rapid inventories were conducted and from 38 communities that participated in longer term quality of life planning. Our main findings are that Amazonian communities have many characteristics, or assets, that recent scholarship has linked to environmental sustainability and good natural resource stewardship, and that quality of life plans that are based on these assets tend to produce priorities that are more consistent with environmental conservation. Importantly, we found that validating social and ecological assets through our approach can contribute to the creation of protected areas and to their long-term management. As strategies to engage local communities in conservation expand, research on how particular methodologies, such as an assets-based approach, is needed to determine how these initiatives can best empower local communities, how they can be improved, and how they can most effectively be linked to broader conservation and development processes

Macular and choroidal thicknessin in hispanic healty subjects by high-definition spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Propósito: Establecer los valores normales del espesor macular y coroideo en una muestra de poblacion hispana sana mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral con los equipos Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering. Ò Vista, California, U) y Optivue (Ò Optovue, Inc. RTVue ). Determinar si existe diferencia entre estos valores comparado con los valores normales reportado por cada fabricante. Describir los hallazgos por grupos etarios y genero de cada una de las mediciones. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, de corte transversal y de correlación. Se analizaron 290 ojos de los cuales el 69% fueron mujeres (200 ojos) con una mediana de edad de 39 años (RI 29) y rango comprendido entre 18 a 89 años. La edad de la muestra estudiada se estratificó en tres grupos: 21-40 años (50%), 41-60 años (27%) y > 60 años (18%). Se estimaron los espesores: macular central, perifoveal (cuandrantes internos), parafoveal (cuadrantes externos), y grosores centrales y periféricos coroideos con las dos tecnologías. Resultados: Para evaluar si existe o no diferencia entre los valores normales reportados para los equipos y la muestra, se empleo una diferencia estandarizada de medias, para un IC 95% utilizando el estadístico T. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a espesor macular central y en los espesores maculares internos (perifoveales) entre la normativa reportada en la literatura para el equipo Spectralis y la muestra estudiada. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los sectores parafoveales (maculares externos), siendo los valores de la muesra estudiada mas delgados que lo reportado en la literatura. Se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en el grosor macular central, grosores maculares internos (perifoveales) y grosores maculares externos (parafoveales) exceptuando el grosos macular nasal externo, entre la base normativa reportada por el equipo Optivue (RTVue) y la muestra estudiada, siendo estos ultimo mas delgados que lo reportado por el fabricante. El grosor macular central presento una mediana de 254 m (RI 68) para el equipo Spectralis y una mediana de 250 m (RI 30) para el equipo Optovue. Hasta la fecha no conocemos los valores normales del grosor coroideo para las dos tecnología estudiadas. La mediana del grosor coroideo central fue de 254 m (RIC 65u) evaluado con el Spectralis y de 263m (RI 48) para el Optovue, siendo el grosor coroideo central el de mayor espesor en ambas tecnologias. Conclusion: En los últimos años la tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral se ha convertido en una herramienta útil que proporciona imágenes de alta resolución y brinda información valiosa sobre las diversas características patológicas de la mácula, nervio óptico y coroides. Este estudio arroja la primera base normativa realizada en su totalidad con sujetos hispanos en los equipos Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering Vista, California, U) y Optovue (Ò Optovue, Inc. RTVue ). Estos datos nos permitirán tener información mucho más objetiva y específica de la mácula y coroides en nuestra población, la cual muestra ciertas diferencias con la base normativa ofrecida por ambas tecnologías.Purpose: To establish the normal values of macular and choroidal thickness in a healthy Hispanic population, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography: Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Vista, California, U) and Optivue (Optovue, Inc. RTVue). To determine if there is a difference between the normal values obtained in our study and those suggested by the manufacturer (or those of reference in the world literature) evaluated globally, by age and by gender. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical and correlation study was carried out. 290 eyes were analyzed (145 subjects) of which 69% were women, with a global median age of 39 +/- 29 years (RIC) (age range 18 to 89 years.) The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 21-40 years (50%), 41-60 years (27%) and > 60 years (18%). Subjects underwent ophthalmologic examination to rule out any retinal diseases or glaucoma. All the OCT scans were performed by two operators (one for Spectralis and one for Optovue) Retinal thickness (RT) in 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields, including central subfield (CSF) and central and periphery choroidal thickness were analyzed with both technologies. The data analysis was performed with Epidat 4.1 estimating the standardized mean difference for an 95% CI (T test and according to the variance difference). Results: The median central macular thickness was 254 m +/- 68 (IR) for Spectralis and 250 m+/- 30 (IR 30) for Optovue. The median central choroidal thickness was 254 m +/- 65 (IR) and 263 m +/- 48 (IR) for Spectralis and Optivue respectively, being the central choroidal measurement of greater thickness compared to the peripheral measurements in both technologies. For Spectralis OCT-SD, significant differences were found in the outer macula, the values of Hispanic subjects being thinner than the data reported in the literature by Grover et al. (3). Regarding the upper outer macular thickness, SMD : 30.09 m statistically significant (p <0.00) 95% CI (24.6-35.6). In the lower outer macula thickness the SMD : 39.44 m statistically significant (p <0.00) 95% CI ( 33.98 -44.8). The nasal outer macular thickness, SMD: 29.43 m, statistically significant (p <0.00) 95% CI (24.31-34.5) In relation to the temporal outer macular thickness, SMD : 32.06 m statistically significant (p <0.00 95% CI (27.1-37.0). For Optovue OCT- SD, significant difference were observed between the central, inner and outer macular thickness, with the exception of the nasal outer macular subfield, between the normative base reported by Optivue (RTVue) and the studied subjects, the latter being thinner compared to the manufacturers report. Regarding the central macular thickness a SMD of 5,590mwas found being statistically significant (p <0.002) 95% CI (2.05-9.12). Regarding the internal upper macular thickness, a SMD of 7,370 m was found (p <0.000) 95% CI (4,602-10,138). Internal lower macular thickness, SMD of 7.670m, (p <0.000) 95% CI (5.186-10.154). In relation to internal nasal macular thickness, an SMD of 7.780m was found, which was statistically significant (p <0.000). 95% CI (4,958-10,602). Regarding internal temporal macular thickness, an SMD of 7,650m (p <0,000) 95% CI (4,813-10,487). In relation to the external upper macular thickness, an SMD of 3,490 was found (p <0.006) 95% CI (1.014-5.966). In relation to the lower external macular thickness, an SMD of 44.40 m (p <0.000) 95% CI (41.620-47.180). No statistically significant difference was found in the external nasal macular thickness of the studied sample compared with the normative data base of the equipment. Regarding external temporal macular thickness, an MDS of 5.12 was found to be statistically significant (p <0.001) 95% CI (2.24-7.99). Conclusions: The SD-OCT has emerged as an important imaging method in the evaluation and management of retinal and choroidal disease.We report for the first time the normative values of macular and choroidal thickness in healthy Hispanic subjects evaluated with the Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering Vista, California, U) and Optivue (Optovue, Inc. RTVue) suggesting new values of normality in our Latin American population.Fundación Oftalmológica Naciona

Effects of Pressure and the Addition of a Rejected Material from Municipal Waste Composting on the Pyrolysis of Two-Phase Olive Mill Waste

This work examines the effect of the absolute pressure (0.1 or 1.0 MPa) and the addition of a high-ash rejected material from municipal solid waste (MSW) composting (RC) on the slow pyrolysis of two-phase olive mill waste (OW). The experiments were conducted in a batch pyrolysis system using an initial mass of 750 g of feedstock. Three types of initial materials were tested: the OW alone, a mixture of OW and pure additives (5 wt % K₂CO₃ and 5 wt % CaO), and a mixture of OW and RC (10 wt %). For the OW without any additive, an increased pressure led to a market increase in the carbonization efficiency (i.e., fixed carbon yield). At atmospheric pressure, the addition of either additives (CaO + K₂CO₃) or RC led to important changes in the pyrolysis behavior as a result of the catalytic role of the alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs). However, this catalytic effect, which is translated into an enhancement of the decomposition of both the hemicellulose and cellulose fractions, was not observed at 1.0 MPa. The potential stability of all of the produced biochars appeared to be very high, given the results obtained from both proximate and ultimate analyses. This high stability was confirmed by ¹³C and ¹H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, which showed that the carbon contained in the biochars was composed mainly or entirely of highly condensed aromatic structures. However, the highest values of stable <i>C</i> (Edinburgh stability tool) and <i>R</i>_50,<i>x</i> (recalcitrance index) were obtained for biochars produced from the OW + RC mixtures at any pressure. In summary, the addition of the rejected material from MSW composting appears to be a very cost-effective measure to obtain a potentially high-stable biochar, even at atmospheric pressure